Developmental Stages in Children and Adolscents

Developmental coiffures in Children and Adolescents Erica Bass may 7, 2012 Andrew Fletcher PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Development Developmental Stages in Children and Adolescents In exploring the differences in children and why and how they develop lav be quite interesting. in that respect are many different theories that suggest different explanations as to why children develop when they do, whether it is cognitive, socially, mentally, etc. Three very interesting theories are Kohlbergs moral victimization possibility, Piagets cognitive theory and Freuds psychosexual theory.How does each of these theories pertain to the average child, and can these theories operate on unitedly? First let us explore ternary very different theories, the first being Kohlbergs theory of moral development. Moral development is a major topic of interest in two psychology and education. One of the best known theories was developed by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg who modified and expanded upon Jean Piagets work to form a theory that explained the development of moral abstract thought. Kohlberg extended Piagets theory, proposing that moral development is a relentless process that occurs finished with(predicate)out the lifespan.Piaget described a two-stage process of moral development, while Kohlbergs theory of moral development outlined six stages within three different levels, which are outlined below * Level 1. Preconventional pietism * Stage 1 Obedience and Punishment at this stage children see rules as fixed and absolute, they tantrum rules as being important because they avoid punishment * Stage 2 Individualism and Exchange at this stage children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual necessitate * Level 2.Conventional Morality * Stage 3 Interpersonal Relationships at this stage the focus is on life sentence up to social expectations and roles. * Stage 4 Maintaining Social Order at this stage the focu s is on following rules and respecting authority * Level 3. Postconventional Morality * Stage 5 Social Contract and Individual Rights at this stage people begin to account for different values, opinions and beliefs or other people. Stage 6 popular Principles at this stage people are supposed to uphold the universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning (http//psychology. about. com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/kohlberg. htm) Paigets Theory. Jean Piagets stages of cognitive development describe the intellectual development of children from infancy to early adulthood. Piaget believed that children are non less intelligent than adults, they simply theorize differently. He also proposed a number of concepts to explain how children process information. The three concepts to support Piagets theory are Schemas Are categories of acquaintance that help us interpret and understand the homo * Assimilation The process of taking in crude information into our previously existing schemas * Accommodation Another part of adaptation involves ever-changing or altering our existing schemas in light of new information There are also four different stages to Piagets theory, which are * The Sensormotor Stage This stage last from nascency to two years of age and is centered on the infant trying to make sense of the world * The Preoperational Stage This stage occurs among ages two to six, and is centered on language development * The Concrete working(a) Stage This stage occurs between the ages seven to eleven, and is centered on thinking logically about concrete events, but have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts * The Formal Operational Stage This stage occurs between the ages twelve and last with adulthood, during this magazine people develop the ability to think about abstract concepts (http//psychology. about. com/b/2008/04/21/key-concepts-in-cognitive-development. htm) Now lets explore a due south theory, Freuds theory. According to Sigmund Freud, personality is mostly established by the age of five.Early experiences play a outstanding role in personality development and continue to influence behavior later in life. Freuds theory of psychosexual development is one of the best known, but also one of the most controversial. Freud believed that personality develops through a series of childhood stages during which the pleasure-seeking energies of the id become focused on certain erogenous areas. This psychosexual energy, or libido, was described as the driving force behind behavior. If these psychosexual stages are completed successfully, the result is a healthy personality. If certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage, reversion can occur.A fixation is a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage. Until this conflict is resolved, the individual will go forward stuck in this stage. Freuds theory consists of five different stages, which are * The Oral Stage This stage occurs from line of descent to one year, the infants primary source of interaction is through oral simulation through tasting and sucking. Because an infant it is entirely dependent upon caregivers, the infant develops a sense of trust and comfort through oral simulation * The Anal Stage This stage occurs from one to three years of age, which is basically provision the child to control his/her, bodily needs, toilet training to be specific. The Phallic Stage This stage occurs from three to six years of age, at this stage children begin to discover the difference between males and females. * The Latent result This stage occurs from six to puberty, at this stage the libido interest is suppressed, and the development of the ego and superego contribute to the calm of this stage. This is the time of exploration but is directed more towards intellectual and social interaction. * The Genital Stage This stage occurs between puberty and death, this is when an adolescent develops a strong interest in th e opposite sex (http//psychology. about. com/od/theoriesofpersonality/ss/psychosexualdev. tm) totally of these theories have their way in the world, and when speaking to parents about their children I am sure that they can fool each of these in some shape or form. For example the Kohlberg theory, moral development Suppose on that point is a child who has no rules or boundaries. There is one in particular that comes to mind. This child is born, the pay back is absent, the mother doing it alone, she has issues with alcohol and drugs, so therefore the child gets very little personal attention, or guidance, she is dislodge to do as she wishes. Because of this from birth to adolescence beginning with conventional morality, she does not have rules so, does the Kohlberg theory apply? I would venture to say no, because the ideal of these rules and boundaries being put it to place are not there, and do not happen. This